The Bichon Frise is a small, cheerful dog breed known for its curly white coat, playful personality, and strong bond with people. Often described as a curly lap dog, the Bichon Frise has been a favorite companion dog for centuries. Today, many US pet owners choose this breed for apartment living, family life, and even allergy-friendly households. In this guide, You’ll learn about daily care and health concerns to personality traits and history.
Quick Facts at a Glance
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Breed Group: Non-Sporting Group (AKC)
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Origin: Mediterranean area (Spain, Italy, France); refined in France
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Size: Small breed; compact and sturdy build
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Average height: About 11.5 inches at the shoulder
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Average weight: 12–18 pounds
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Life expectancy: 14–15 years, which is considered a long lifespan for small dogs
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Coat: Long, curly, non-shedding hair with a soft undercoat
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Colors: White; may have cream, buff, or apricot shading (especially on ears)
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Shedding: Very low (but not shed-free)
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Energy Level: Moderate
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Exercise Needs: About 30–60 minutes daily, including walks, playtime, and mental stimulation
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Temperament: Cheerful, affectionate, gentle-mannered, playful, people-focused
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Barking Tendency: Moderate; may bark when bored, excited, or left alone
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Best for: Apartment living, families, seniors, allergy sufferers, first-time owners who can commit to grooming and companionship
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Grooming needs: High—daily brushing and frequent trimming
History and Origin
The history of the Bichon Frise goes back to the 14th century, with roots in the Mediterranean area. Early versions of the breed are linked to barbichon types, including the Bolognese and Maltese. Sailors often carried these small white dogs across ports in Spain, Italy, Belgium, and France, where they quickly gained attention for their charm.
By the Renaissance period, Bichons became popular in royal courts, especially among Italian nobility and French royalty. Kings like Francis I and Henry III were known admirers, helping the breed become a symbol of luxury and companionship rather than work.
Despite ups and downs in popularity—especially after political changes in France—the breed survived thanks to street performers and breeders who valued its intelligence and ability to perform tricks. The modern Bichon Frise was later refined and officially recognized by kennel clubs, including the AKC in the United States.
What a Bichon Frise Looks Like
The Bichon Frise is instantly recognizable for its round head, dark eyes, black nose, and fluffy white appearance. Its coat forms a plush, cloud-like outline that many people compare to a cotton ball or stuffed toy.
Key physical traits include:
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White fur, sometimes with cream or apricot shading
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A curly coat with both hair and undercoat
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Rounded head and soft facial expression
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Short but sturdy legs
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Plumed tail carried over the back
This beautiful coat does not shed much, but it grows continuously, similar to human hair. Without proper coat maintenance, tangles and mats can form quickly, especially around the ears, legs, and belly. Regular brushing helps prevent mats and reduces skin irritation.
Bichon Frise Temperament
The Bichon Frise is known for its cheerful, affectionate, and people-loving personality. Many owners say Bichons love being the center of attention and form strong emotional bonds with their families. They thrive on companionship and often see their humans as their whole world—not “just friends.”
Typical personality traits include:
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Friendly and social with children, adults, and other pets
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Playful, curious, and eager to learn
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Intelligent and responsive to training
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Alert but not aggressive
Because they are so attached to people, Bichons can develop separation anxiety if left alone for long hours. Signs may include barking, pacing, or destructive behavior. Early training, consistent routines, and gradual alone-time practice are crucial.
They are also sensitive dogs. Harsh training methods do not work well. Positive reinforcement, patience, and early socialization help raise a well-behaved, confident companion.
Common Health Issues in Bichon Frise
Like many small dogs, the Bichon Frise is generally healthy but prone to certain health conditions. Understanding these issues helps pet owners take early action.
Patellar Luxation (Luxating Patella): This condition occurs when the kneecap slips out of place, causing limping or skipping. It is common in small breeds and may require surgery in severe cases.
Dental Disease: Bichons are prone to dental disease due to their small mouths. Without proper dental care, plaque can lead to gum infections and tooth loss. Daily brushing is recommended.
Ear Infections: Because of long hair around the ears, Bichons are prone to ear infections. Regular ear cleaning helps prevent moisture buildup and irritation.
Bladder Stones and Bladder Infections: Some Bichons are susceptible to bladder stones and bladder infections, which may cause frequent urination or discomfort. Proper hydration and diet help reduce risk.
Eye Diseases: Common eye conditions include cataracts and other eye diseases that can affect vision, especially in older dogs. Regular vet eye exams are important.
Bichon Frise Daily Care
Daily care plays a major role in keeping a Bichon healthy, happy, and well behaved.
Grooming and Coat Maintenance
The Bichon’s long, curly coat requires frequent grooming. Daily brushing helps prevent mats, while professional grooming every 4–6 weeks keeps the coat manageable.
Ear, Eye, and Dental Care
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Ears: Weekly checks and cleaning help prevent infections
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Eyes: Keep hair trimmed around the eyes to reduce irritation
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Teeth: Daily brushing lowers the risk of dental disease
These steps are especially important as the dog ages.
Feeding and Diet
Feed high-quality dog food labeled “complete and balanced” by AAFCO standards. Portion control is key to preventing weight gain in small breeds.
Emotional Care and Alone Time
Bichons thrive on companionship and may develop separation anxiety if left alone for long periods. Gradual alone-time training and routine help reduce distress.
Bichon Frise Exercise Needs
Even though they are small, Bichons need daily activity to stay healthy and avoid behavior problems.
Daily Physical Exercise
Most adult Bichons need:
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Two short walks per day
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Indoor play such as fetch or tug
This level of activity supports heart health and weight control.
Mental Stimulation
Mental exercise is just as important. Puzzle toys, obedience training, and learning tricks keep Bichons engaged and reduce boredom-related barking.
Exercise by Dog’s Age
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Puppies: Short play sessions and rest
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Adults: Balanced walks and playtime
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Seniors: Gentle walks and stretching
Adjust exercise as your dog enters their golden years.
Costs
One of the most common questions from US pet owners is cost. While small in size, the Bichon Frise can be more expensive than other small dogs due to grooming and health care needs.
Typical costs include:
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Puppy from a reputable breeder: often higher due to health testing
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First-year expenses: vet visits, vaccines, grooming tools, supplies
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Ongoing costs: grooming every month, quality food, dental care
Why costs are higher:
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Frequent grooming
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Health screenings used in responsible breeding
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Long lifespan (often 14–15 years), which means long-term care costs
Adopting from a rescue or shelter can lower upfront costs while still offering a loving companion.
Finding a Responsible Breeder or Rescue
Finding the right source is one of the most important steps in owning a Bichon Frise. A reputable breeder will prioritize health, temperament, and ethical breeding—not profit.
Signs of a responsible breeder:
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Health testing for patellar luxation and eye conditions
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Puppies raised in the home with early socialization
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Willing to answer questions and provide records
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Written contract and return policy
The Bichon Frise Club of America is a trusted resource for finding ethical breeders and learning about breed standards.
Rescue is another great option. Many adult Bichons are available through breed rescues and shelters and can make wonderful companions.
Is a Bichon Frise Right for You?
A Bichon Frise is a great choice for many households—but not everyone.
Good choice if you:
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Want an affectionate lap dog
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Live in an apartment
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Can commit to grooming
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Spend time at home
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Want a friendly dog for kids and other pets
Not ideal if you:
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Are away for long periods
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Want a low-maintenance coat
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Prefer an independent dog
Bichons love companionship and do best in homes where they are treated as true family members.
FAQs
What is the downside of a Bichon Frise?
The biggest downsides are frequent grooming, potential separation anxiety, and higher long-term costs compared to some other small dogs.
How much does a Bichon Frise cost?
Costs vary, but expenses are higher due to grooming, quality food, and preventive healthcare. Puppies from responsible breeders cost more upfront.
Do Bichon Frise bark a lot?
Bichons can be vocal, especially when bored or left alone. Training and daily exercise help manage barking.
Why are Bichons so expensive?
Bichons are expensive because of responsible breeding practices, health testing, grooming needs, and their long lifespan.
Conclusion
The Bichon Frise is a joyful, affectionate companion with a rich history and a big personality. If you can provide grooming, training, and daily attention, the Bichon Frise can become a loyal best friend and a true member of your family for many happy years.
